Study of the Effects of Si/Al Ratio and Operating Conditions in Hydrothermal Dealumination of Y Zeolite

Authors

مهندسی شیمی

Abstract

NaY zeolites with different framework Si/Al ratios were synthesized via hydrothermal technique. Structural characteristics of the synthesized zeolites were determined by using XRD, XRF, SEM, BET analyses. The effects of operating conditions of hydrothermal dealumination, i.e. time, temperature and partial pressure of water vapor on dealumination of the Y zeolites framework and their structure were investigated via XRD and BET analyses. According to the experiments, hydrothermal dealumination of the Y zeolite with Si/Al=1.69 was not successful while it was satisfactorily performed for the other one with Si/Al=2.44

Keywords


1- Dehkordi, E. H. Copyright (1998). "Principles of industrial radiography." First Edition, Arkan publication,
PP. 11-117.
2- Ghiasinejad, M. and Katuzi, M. Copyright (2006). "Foundation course of radiation protection in industrial
facilities." Dorbid publication.
3- Robins, L. (2005). "On-line diagnostics techniques in the oil, gas, and chemical Industry." 3rd MENDT -
Middle East Nondestructive Testing Conference & Exhibition, Bahrain, Manama, PP. 27-30.
4- Gardner, R. P. and Ely, R. L. Jr. (1967). "Radioisotope measurement applications in engineering." Reinhold
Publishing Corporation, New York, PP.23-30.
5- Ljunggren, K. (1996). "Symposium on radioisotope tracers in industry and geophysics." IAEA, Prague, PP.
303-305.
6- Charlton, J. S., Heslop, J. A. and Johnson, P. (1975). "Industrial applications of radioisotopes." Physics in
Technology, PP. 67-76.
7- Urbanski, N. F., Resetarits, M. R., Shakur, M. S. and Monkelbaan, D. R. (1999). "Gamma scanning a column
containing closely spaced trays." Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting AIChE 1999 Separations
Topical Conference Session #T1007 - Distillation Hardware and Applications II, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
8- Vasquez, P. A. and Costa, F. E. (2005). "Development of a scintillator detector system for gamma ray scan
measurements of industrial distillation columns." Nuclear Instrument and Method in Physics Research A
537, PP. 458-461.
9- Laraki, K. and Alami, R. (2007). "An expert system for improving the gamma-ray scanning technique."
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 578, PP. 340–344.
10- Abdullah, J. (2005). "Gamma-ray scanning for troubleshooting, optimisation and predictive maintenance of
distillation columns." Technology, Non-Disruptive & On-Line Inspection, HYDROCARBON ASIA,
Jan/Feb (2005), PP. 62-65. 
11- Treybal, R. E. "Mass-transfer operations." Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, Copyright 1980, reissued 1987,
Chapter 6, PP. 158-185.
12- GE Imagination at work. (2007). Industrial Radiography Image Forming Techniques, GE inspection at work.
13- Vidrine Commercial Manager TRACERCO, S. (2005) "Radioisotope technology - benefits & limitations in
troubleshooting packed beds in vacuum distillation." Copyrighted by TRACERCO, a Johnson Matthey
Company, Presented in the Distillation Symposium of the 2005 Spring AIChE Meeting Atlanta, Ga. April
10 through 13.
14- Moss, C. E., Dowdy, E. J. and Lucas, M. C. (1986). "Bismuth germanate scintillators: Applications in
nuclear safeguards and health Physics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods A242.
15- Broda, E. and Schonfield, T. (1996) "The technical applications of radioactivity." London Pergamon Press,
Vol. 1.
16- Pehl, R. H. (Nov., 1977). "Germanium Gamma-ray detectors." Physics Today, PP. 30- 50.
17- Holstad, M. B., Jackson, P. and Johansen, G. A. (2004). "Scattered Gamma-radiation utilized to measure
remnant fresh absorbent in absorbent bed." Measurement Science and Technology, 15, PP. 1827-1834.
18- Doug, R., Norbert, E. and Hastings, S. (March, 1991). "Passive nondestructive assay of nuclear materials."
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington D C 20555. 
19- Moss, C. E., Dowdy, E. J. and Lucas, M. C. (1986). "Bismuth germanate scintillator: Application in nuclear
safeguards and health physics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods A242.
20- Knoll, G. F. (2000). "Radiation detection and measurement." third edition, John Wiley & Sons.
21- Sakai, E. (1982). “Present status of room-temperature semiconductor detectors.” Nuclear Instruments and
Methods, PP. 196-121.