Seasonal Adsorption Dynamics of PAHs Using Palm-Based Bioadsorbents in Petroleum Refinery Environments

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Chem. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

This study presents a detailed investigation into the presence, toxicity, and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petroleum refinery environments, with a focus on the Dora Refinery in Baghdad, Iraq. PAHs, known for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, were assessed through seasonal air and water sampling during summer and winter. GC–Mass Spectrometry and high-volume air samplers were used to quantify major PAHs, with notably higher concentrations observed in summer; chrysene reached 485 ppm due to increased volatility. To mitigate contamination, adsorption experiments were conducted using palm-derived fiber (DPF) and activated carbon (AC). Characterization by BET, FTIR, and SEM confirmed the adsorbents’ microporous structure and the presence of functional groups favorable for PAH capture. Optimal conditions included temperatures of 30–35 °C, a neutral pH, and a contact time of 15–30 minutes. The highest removal efficiencies were for benzo[a]pyrene (95%) and naphthalene (92%). Adsorption data best fit the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.9683), indicating monolayer adsorption. The Freundlich and Temkin models showed lower correlation. The findings demonstrate the potential of eco-friendly, low-cost adsorbents in refinery zone remediation. The study underscores the importance of stricter emission regulations, ongoing environmental monitoring, and sustainable remediation technologies to mitigate PAH-associated health and environmental risks.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
Volume 60, Issue 1
June 2026
Pages 45-68

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History

  • Receive Date: 23 June 2026
  • Revise Date: 26 June 2026
  • Accept Date: 26 June 2026

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